A Guide to Implementing the NIST Framework in Healthcare Organizations

Customizing the NIST Framework for Healthcare Organizations

Many healthcare organizations are implementing the NIST Cybersecurity Framework (CSF), which consists of five core functions: Identify, Protect, Detect, Respond, and Recover. This framework was developed by the federal government in collaboration with key cybersecurity leaders, and it serves as a security roadmap for federal agencies, academia, and major industries. The NIST CSF has been widely adopted by well-established organizations with experienced information security leaders. It is important to note that the NIST CSF is not simply a checklist of security controls, but rather a comprehensive tool for evaluating current security maturity and establishing a risk management program.

Healthcare organizations are required to adhere to regulatory standards such as the HIPAA Security Rule to ensure the security of patient information. However, it is important to note that compliance with HIPAA does not necessarily equate to having a robust security system in place. Healthcare providers must recognize that their information security efforts should extend beyond mere compliance and should also include measures to protect against targeted attacks. This is where the guidance provided by the NIST CSF can be invaluable. The NIST CSF offers healthcare organizations direction on how to enhance their security protocols across various areas such as technology, employee training, and access controls.

Protecting Patient Data: Best Practices

A proactive approach to security will allow organizations to protect their reputation, avoid legal issues, and maintain financial stability. For example, by implementing continuous attack surface monitoring, healthcare organizations can address any potential risks or breaches before they occur, as well as assess the compliance of their third-party vendors. While a complete breakdown of data security is beyond the scope of this article, the most notable best practices for protecting patient data are summarized below:

1. Encryption: Encrypting patient data ensures that even if it is accessed by unauthorized individuals, they cannot understand or use the information without the decryption key.

2. Strong Access Controls: Implementing strict access controls ensures that only authorized individuals can access patient data. This includes using strong passwords, multi-factor authentication, and limiting permissions to only those who need access.

3. Regular Data Backups: Regularly backing up patient data is crucial to prevent data loss in the event of a breach or technical failure. Backups should be encrypted and stored in secure locations.

4. Employee Training and Awareness: Providing cybersecurity training to employees helps them understand the importance of protecting patient data and educates them about the potential risks and best practices to mitigate them.

5. Periodic Risk Assessment and Security Audits: Conducting regular risk assessments and security audits identifies vulnerabilities and helps in implementing necessary security measures to protect patient data.

Ensuring Compliance with HIPAA Regulations

Healthcare organizations in the US are required to comply with HIPAA (Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act). This involves conducting a thorough risk assessment to identify potential vulnerabilities and develop appropriate security protocols. It also involves security awareness training, implementing technical safeguards such as encryption and access controls, and regularly performing audits and reviews. Additionally, healthcare organizations can leverage the NIST guidelines to further enhance their HIPAA compliance efforts. NIST provides comprehensive security and privacy standards that align with HIPAA requirements. By adopting NIST guidelines, organizations can establish a more robust framework for data protection, incident response, and system security, ensuring a higher level of compliance with HIPAA regulations. Combining the requirements and guidance from both HIPAA and NIST allows healthcare organizations to establish a solid foundation for safeguarding sensitive patient information.

Case Study: Implementing the NIST Framework in Healthcare

In the following case study, Devin Shirley, CISO at Arkansas Blue Cross Blue Shield, shares his experience implementing the NIST CSF in a healthcare organization. His insights and best practices demonstrate the value of the NIST framework in achieving greater security maturity.

Devin explains that their organization chose the NIST CSF due to regulatory requirements and third-party contracts that focused on NIST. They saw an opportunity to evolve from the HITRUST CSF and decided to adopt the NIST framework.

Adopting the NIST assessment allowed them to mature their cybersecurity program rather than just fixing immediate issues. The framework provided a clear picture of their current cybersecurity state and the necessary steps to achieve a more advanced state.

Devin found it useful to take a hybrid approach, leveraging internal strengths while also seeking external support. They collected internal resources and brought in external experts to support and learn from the assessment process. Going forward, they plan to use third-party validation in some years and conduct the assessment internally in others.

Setting cybersecurity maturity goals is crucial for continuous improvement. Devin advises organizations to assess their current state realistically and set goals for the next one, three, or five years. Prioritizing vulnerabilities with a risk-based approach is essential, and goals will evolve as the organization matures.

Devin shares several key lessons from their NIST CSF assessment implementation. They always strive to improve their defensive position and adapt as frameworks evolve. Communication is vital throughout the process, setting the stage with executives and the board and focusing on remediation as a positive opportunity for the business.

Devin’s ideal NIST journey involves accurately assessing the organization’s current security maturity and using the framework to continuously improve systems, infrastructure, and data security. His real-world best practices demonstrate the success of their NIST assessment in achieving greater security for their organization.

If you’d like to see how the Lepide Data Security Platform can help you integrate the NIST framework into your data security program, schedule a demo with one of our engineers.